{"id":109,"date":"2026-08-24T01:27:34","date_gmt":"2026-08-24T01:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marinefill.com\/blog\/vlsfo-nedir-bunkeringde-dogru-yakit-secimi\/"},"modified":"2026-08-24T01:27:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T01:27:34","slug":"vlsfo-nedir-bunkeringde-dogru-yakit-secimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marinefill.com\/blog\/vlsfo-nedir-bunkeringde-dogru-yakit-secimi\/","title":{"rendered":"VLSFO Nedir? Bunkeringde Do\u011fru Yak\u0131t Se\u00e7imi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bir yak\u0131t talebinde yaln\u0131zca \u201cVLSFO\u201d yazmak, do\u011fru bunker sipari\u015fi vermek i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. Yak\u0131t\u0131n k\u00fck\u00fcrt oran\u0131, ISO 8217 kalite s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, viskozitesi, gemideki mevcut yak\u0131tla uyumlulu\u011fu, rota \u00fczerindeki emisyon kontrol alanlar\u0131 ve teslim y\u00f6ntemi ayn\u0131 anda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. \u00d6zellikle Ege ve Akdeniz\u2019de k\u0131sa ETA\u2019lar, marina k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fen operasyon programlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda, VLSFO se\u00e7imi teknik oldu\u011fu kadar planlama odakl\u0131 bir karard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

VLSFO nedir ve hangi ihtiyaca cevap verir?<\/h2>\n

VLSFO, Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil ifadesinin k\u0131saltmas\u0131d\u0131r. MARPOL Ek VI kapsam\u0131ndaki k\u00fcresel k\u00fck\u00fcrt limitiyle uyumlu olacak \u015fekilde, k\u00fctlece en fazla %0,50 k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7eren art\u0131k bazl\u0131 veya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m deniz yak\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar. 1 Ocak 2020\u2019den itibaren a\u00e7\u0131k deniz operasyonlar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek k\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc fuel oil kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte, scrubber bulunmayan bir\u00e7ok ticari gemi i\u00e7in temel yak\u0131t se\u00e7eneklerinden biri haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ancak VLSFO tek bir fiziksel \u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt limitini kar\u015f\u0131layan iki VLSFO partisi; yo\u011funluk, viskozite, akma noktas\u0131, katalitik ince partik\u00fcl i\u00e7eri\u011fi, stabilite ve uyumluluk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 davranabilir. Bu nedenle operasyon ekibinin sipari\u015fi yaln\u0131zca k\u00fck\u00fcrt y\u00fczdesi \u00fczerinden de\u011fil, gemi makine \u00fcreticisinin limitleri ve yak\u0131t y\u00f6netim prosed\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fczerinden kurmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

VLSFO genellikle ana makinesi ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 makineleri art\u0131k yak\u0131tla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya uygun ticari gemilerde tercih edilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hacimli sipari\u015fler, s\u0131k liman de\u011fi\u015fimleri, marina operasyonlar\u0131 veya distilat yak\u0131ta g\u00f6re tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ekipmanlarda MGO ya da LSMGO daha pratik bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olabilir. Yak\u0131t se\u00e7iminin do\u011fru cevab\u0131, gemi tipi ve rotaya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

VLSFO i\u00e7in MARPOL uyumu rotaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmelidir<\/h2>\n

%0,50 k\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc VLSFO, k\u00fcresel k\u00fck\u00fcrt limiti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan her yerde otomatik olarak uygun kabul edilmez. Emisyon Kontrol Alanlar\u0131 – ECA\u2019lar – i\u00e7inde uygulanacak limit daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Akdeniz SOx ECA d\u00fczenlemesi 1 May\u0131s 2025 itibar\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir; bu kapsamda ilgili sularda yak\u0131t\u0131n k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7eri\u011fi genel olarak en fazla %0,10 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, Akdeniz ve Ege operasyonlar\u0131nda bunker plan\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler. Geminin rotas\u0131 ECA kapsam\u0131ndaysa %0,50 VLSFO, scrubber gibi e\u015fde\u011fer uyum sa\u011flayan onayl\u0131 bir sistem bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a yak\u0131t de\u011fi\u015fimi gereklili\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131rmaz. MGO veya LSMGO gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck k\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc distilat yak\u0131tlar, bu ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaptan\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmesi \u00fc\u00e7 soruya dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r: Geminin planlanan rotas\u0131 hangi emisyon alanlar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ecek? Yak\u0131t de\u011fi\u015fimi hangi zamanda ve hangi tank d\u00fczeniyle yap\u0131lacak? Gemideki egzoz gaz\u0131 temizleme sistemi, ilgili liman devleti ve MARPOL \u015fartlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilir mi? Bu sorular netle\u015fmeden yaln\u0131zca en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck birim fiyatla verilen VLSFO teklifi operasyonel a\u00e7\u0131dan do\u011fru teklif say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n

Bunker Delivery Receipt neden kritik bir belgedir?<\/h3>\n

Bunker Delivery Receipt<\/a> – BDR – teslim edilen yak\u0131t\u0131n d\u00fczenleyici izlenebilirli\u011finin temel belgesidir. Teslimat\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 liman, tedarik\u00e7i bilgileri, yak\u0131t miktar\u0131, yo\u011funluk, k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve MARPOL beyanlar\u0131 BDR \u00fczerinde do\u011fru \u015fekilde yer almal\u0131d\u0131r. Gemi, bu kayd\u0131 MARPOL gerekliliklerine g\u00f6re muhafaza etmelidir.<\/p>\n

BDR ile yak\u0131t numunesi birbirini tamamlar. Usul\u00fcne uygun al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, m\u00fch\u00fcrlenmi\u015f ve etiketlenmi\u015f MARPOL numunesi; yak\u0131t\u0131n uygunlu\u011funa ili\u015fkin ihtilaflarda veya denetimlerde kritik kan\u0131tt\u0131r. Teslim s\u00fcrecinde miktar kontrol\u00fc kadar numune alma prosed\u00fcr\u00fcne de kaptan, ba\u015fm\u00fchendis veya yetkilendirilmi\u015f temsilci taraf\u0131ndan dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

ISO 8217 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yaln\u0131zca k\u00fck\u00fcrt de\u011ferine bakmay\u0131n<\/h2>\n

ISO 8217<\/a>, deniz yak\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini ve kalite parametrelerini tan\u0131mlayan temel standartt\u0131r. Bir VLSFO teklifinde uygun ISO s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ile birlikte \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn analiz sertifikas\u0131 veya kalite beyan\u0131 talep edilmelidir. Geminin teknik dok\u00fcmantasyonunda belirtilen yo\u011funluk, viskozite ve kontaminant limitleri, sat\u0131n alma spesifikasyonunun ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle al\u00fcminyum ve silisyum i\u00e7eren katalitik ince partik\u00fcller, yak\u0131t ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda pompa, enjekt\u00f6r ve silindir bile\u015fenlerinde a\u015f\u0131nma riskini art\u0131rabilir. Y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluk veya viskozite tek ba\u015f\u0131na uygunsuzluk anlam\u0131na gelmez; ancak separat\u00f6r kapasitesi, \u0131s\u0131tma d\u00fczeni ve filtreleme performans\u0131 ile birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Stabilite ve uyumluluk da VLSFO operasyonunun hassas ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 kaynaklardan gelen art\u0131k yak\u0131tlar ayn\u0131 tankta kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda asfalten \u00e7\u00f6kelmesi olu\u015fabilir. Bunun sonucu filtre t\u0131kanmas\u0131, separat\u00f6r y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131 ve yak\u0131t beslemesinde kesinti olabilir. Yeni partinin mevcut yak\u0131tla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce segregasyon tank\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse uyumluluk testinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle uzun s\u00fcreli stok ta\u015f\u0131yan gemilerde makul bir emniyet ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yak\u0131t\u0131n parlama noktas\u0131 da teslim \u00f6ncesi kontrol edilmelidir. SOLAS gereklilikleri kapsam\u0131nda makine dairesinde kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131t\u0131n parlama noktas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar vard\u0131r. Sertifikadaki de\u011fer ile gemi prosed\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda uyumsuzluk varsa, teslim kabul\u00fcnden \u00f6nce konu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n

Teslim y\u00f6ntemini miktar, berth ve ETA belirler<\/h2>\n

Do\u011fru yak\u0131t\u0131n do\u011fru zamanda gelmesi, spesifikasyon kadar \u00f6nemlidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck hacimli ticari gemilerde barge-to-ship teslimat\u0131 verimli bir y\u00f6ntemdir; ancak bar\u00e7 operasyonu i\u00e7in liman uygunlu\u011fu, r\u0131ht\u0131m program\u0131, hava \u015fartlar\u0131, geminin draft\u0131 ve minimum miktar dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir\u00e7ok planlamada bar\u00e7 teslimat\u0131 i\u00e7in minimum 100 MT<\/a> seviyesinin operasyonel e\u015fik olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, tedarik\u00e7i programlamas\u0131n\u0131 ve maliyeti etkiler.<\/p>\n

Marina veya k\u0131y\u0131 tesisindeki yat ve s\u00fcperyat operasyonlar\u0131nda ise shore-to-ship hat ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ya da kara tankeri daha uygun olabilir. Kara tankeriyle marina berth teslimat\u0131nda 2.000 litre ve \u00fczerindeki talepler, ara\u00e7 tahsisi ile g\u00fcvenli transfer planlamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha uygulanabilir bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunar. Bunun alt\u0131nda kalan miktarlarda eri\u015fim, zamanlama ve birim lojistik maliyeti tekliften teklife belirgin bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/p>\n

Marmaris, Bodrum, Fethiye ve G\u00f6cek gibi yo\u011fun b\u00f6lgelerde teslimat penceresi yaln\u0131zca ETA ile y\u00f6netilmez. Marina giri\u015f d\u00fczeni, berth numaras\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik prosed\u00fcr\u00fc, yak\u0131t transfer alan\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki hareket plan\u0131 \u00f6nceden teyit edilmelidir. \u201cSabah teslim\u201d gibi geni\u015f bir talimat yerine, geminin haz\u0131r olaca\u011f\u0131 saat, tahmini t\u00fcketim, ba\u011flant\u0131 tipi ve yetkili personel bilgisinin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gecikme riskini azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dijital RFQ\u2019da VLSFO talebi nas\u0131l netle\u015ftirilir?<\/h2>\n

\u0130yi haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir RFQ, tedarik\u00e7iyle son dakika teknik yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve fiyat kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 anlaml\u0131 hale getirir. Talepte gemi ad\u0131 ve IMO numaras\u0131, liman veya marina, istenen teslim tarihi, ETA, yak\u0131t t\u00fcr\u00fc, miktar, teslim y\u00f6ntemi ve \u00f6deme veya acente koordinasyon bilgisi yer almal\u0131d\u0131r. VLSFO i\u00e7in hedef ISO 8217 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, maksimum k\u00fck\u00fcrt beklentisi ve varsa \u00f6zel makine limitleri de belirtilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Fiyat\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken Platts endeksi, \u00fcr\u00fcn primi, lojistik kalemleri, liman masraflar\u0131 ve vergisel uygulamalar\u0131n teklife nas\u0131l yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rmak gerekir. \u015eeffaf Platts-indexli yap\u0131, piyasa referans\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lar; yine de teklifin ge\u00e7erlilik s\u00fcresi ve fiyat sabitleme an\u0131 net de\u011filse toplam maliyet belirsiz kalabilir. \u00d6zellikle volatil piyasalarda RFQ onay\u0131 ile fiziki teslim aras\u0131ndaki fiyat mekanizmas\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak teyit edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Marinefill\u2019in dijital RFQ ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, gemi ve yak\u0131t bilgisini yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imde toplayarak bu kritik alanlar\u0131n ba\u015ftan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Filo y\u00f6neticileri i\u00e7in bunun de\u011feri, her talepte ayn\u0131 teknik standard\u0131 korumak ve \u00e7oklu gemi operasyonlar\u0131nda teslim kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninde izleyebilmektir.<\/p>\n

Teslim an\u0131nda uygulanacak kontrol disiplini<\/h2>\n

Teslim \u00f6ncesinde gemi tank kapasitesi, sounding veya ullage verisi ve transfer plan\u0131 yeniden do\u011frulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Miktar anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve biti\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri, s\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00fczeltmesi uygulan\u0131yorsa kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntem ve teslim fi\u015findeki hacim birimleri birlikte kontrol edilmelidir. Metrek\u00fcp, litre ve metrik ton aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerde yak\u0131t yo\u011funlu\u011fu belirleyici oldu\u011fundan, sadece hacme bakarak tonaj teyidi yapmak do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Transfer s\u0131ras\u0131nda ileti\u015fim kanal\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k tutulmal\u0131; ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, tank de\u011fi\u015fimi, ta\u015fma riski ve acil durdurma prosed\u00fcr\u00fc t\u00fcm taraflarca bilinmelidir. Teslim sonunda BDR, miktar kayd\u0131, numune m\u00fch\u00fcrleri ve kalite belgeleri imzadan \u00f6nce incelenmelidir. Sonradan d\u00fczeltilecek varsay\u0131lan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kay\u0131t hatas\u0131, denetim veya talep s\u00fcrecinde gereksiz bir operasyonel soruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir.<\/p>\n

VLSFO tedarikinde en iyi sonu\u00e7, en h\u0131zl\u0131 tekliften de\u011fil; rota uyumunu, yak\u0131t kalitesini, teslim eri\u015fimini ve belge zincirini ayn\u0131 talepte do\u011fru y\u00f6neten ekipten gelir. Bir sonraki bunker plan\u0131nda yak\u0131t t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, geminizin bir sonraki limandan sonra hangi emisyon alan\u0131na girece\u011fini ve mevcut tanktaki yak\u0131tla ne kadar g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman en de\u011ferli haz\u0131rl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

VLSFO, %0,50 k\u00fck\u00fcrt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan deniz yak\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. ISO 8217, MARPOL, uyumluluk ve teslim kontrol\u00fcnde kaptanlar\u0131n bilmesi gerekenler i\u00e7in rehber.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":110,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bunkering-guide"],"yoast_head":"\nVLSFO Nedir? 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